Wells uses light, darkness, and color symbolically throughout the novel. Chiefly, these images fullfil three purposes.

Firstly, artificial lights function as symbols of civilization, both human and Martian. Chapter 1 ends with the narrator’s wife pointing out “the red, green, and yellow signal lights hanging in a framework against the sky,” which the narrator says, “seemed so safe and tranquil” (11). In this instance and elsewhere, humans take comfort in the lights of their civilization as signs of its strength and stability. Of course, the Martians make lights of their own. From their first perceivable appearance via telescope as “a great light […] on the illuminated part of” Mars to the flashes that indicate the launching of their cylinders to those cylinders’ bright descents to the lights of their weapons and work (7), these indications of their civilization’s own power surely have a similarly encouraging impact for them.

Secondly, the color red, so deeply associated with their planet, appears as a symbol of the Martians. The flashes from their planet are red, and their arrival on Earth immediately casts the narrator’s surroundings in a conspicuous redness, such as when the narrator and his wife prepare to leave their hometown: “The sun, shining through the smoke that drove up from the tops of the trees, seemed blood-red, and threw an unfamiliar lurid light upon everything” (46).